Which cost is typically not included in supplying private-label products?

When considering the costs associated with supplying private-label products, advertising costs are often not included in the calculation. This is because private-label products are often marketed by retailers under their own brand name rather than by the manufacturer. As a result, the responsibility for advertising these products typically falls on the retailer rather than the manufacturer.

In contrast, raw material costs, direct labor expenses, and shipping costs are fundamental to the production and delivery of any product, including private-label items. These costs directly contribute to the manufacturing process and the logistics required to bring the product to market. Hence, they are always included in the overall cost structure for supplying products.

The distinction lies in the responsibility for promoting the product after it’s manufactured; while manufacturers may incur costs related to general branding and marketing strategies, the specific advertising costs for private-label products are accounted for separately by retailers.